Foot care key to prevent complications from diabetes

Q Can you provide me with information related to taking care of my feet? I have diabetes and have been told to be careful to prevent complications, such as gangrene and amputation. — E.H., Westminster

A A person with diabetes can be at risk for many complications if unable to keep blood glucose (sugar) within a safe range. Your doctor may have you testing your blood several times a day and adjusting your medication based on the level of the blood glucose. High blood glucose levels can damage your heart, blood vessels, eyes and kidney.

Unmanaged, diabetes can result in strokes, nerve damage, kidney failure and amputation.

According to resources provided by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ( 2008), managing diabetes is more than keeping blood glucose levels under control. It is also important to manage blood pressure and cholesterol levels through healthy eating, physical activity and the use of medications, if needed. Smoking cessation can also help lower risk of complications.

Foot care is an important component of daily care for a person with diabetes. Two components of diabetes result in problems with your feet. The first is nerve damage. If the nerves are damaged, you are less lightly to feel warning signs such as pain, heat or cold. A cut or blister can get serious because you do not know it is there. The second issue is poor blood flow. Diabetes is associated with peripheral vascular disease, in which the blood flow to the feet and legs is diminished. This makes it more difficult for sores on the feet to heal. If an infection does not get better, it can cause gangrene and the skin and tissue die. An amputation might be needed to keep the gangrene from spreading.

Prevention is the key. Every time you see the doctor, remove your shoes and socks and have him or her check your feet.

Every day, you should:

1. Bathe your feet in warm water (not hot) and dry your feet well, especially between the toes.

n Check your feet for cuts, sores, blisters, redness, calluses, etc. This is particularly important if you have new shoes. Use a mirror to check the bottom of your feet.

2. Apply a thin layer of lotion to the top and bottom of your feet. Dry skin can be itchy and you may scratch and irritate the skin.

3. Cut your toenails once a week, but not too short, and file the edges with an emery board. Ingrown toenails can occur if you cut into the corners, leading to redness and infection.

4. Use a pumice stone to file corns and calluses.

5. Wear shoes that fit well and wear socks or stockings to avoid blisters.

6. Always wear slippers or shoes.

If you have problems cutting your toenails, ask your doctor to refer you to a podiatrist or nurse who specializes in diabetic foot care. It is also important to keep blood flowing to your feet. Try to be physically active. When you are sitting, keep your feet elevated and don’t cross your legs for long periods. You can even exercise your feet by wiggling your toes and moving your ankles up and down.